Accumulation and ecological effects of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production systems in Nanjing,China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yong Chen  Biao Huang  Wenyou Hu  David C. Weindorf  Xiaoxiao Liu  Lanqin Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3605-3616

The spatial variability of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production (CGVP and OGVP) systems can reveal the influence of different farming activities on their accumulation and plant uptake. This provides important basic data for soil utilization and pollution risk assessment. Based on horizontal and vertical spatial analysis, this paper presents the spatial variability and accumulation of soil heavy metals. The effects on plant uptake and factors influencing heavy metal accumulation are presented using the two typical greenhouse vegetable sites in Nanjing City, China as examples. Results showed that different greenhouse vegetable production systems had their own dominant heavy metal accumulation, specifically, Hg and Pb in CGVP system and Cd in OGVP system. The spatial analysis showed that horizontally, distribution of soil properties and heavy metal concentrations in the two sites showed decreases from specific regions to the periphery for organic matter (OM), Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in CGVP and OM, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in OGVP. Vertically, soil properties and heavy metals mainly vary in the topsoil. The key factor for the accumulation was excess fertilizer input. Variation of soil properties and the accumulation of soil heavy metals significantly influenced heavy metal uptake by plants. However, accumulation risk varied according to different heavy metals and different plant species. Environmental management of these two kinds of production systems should pay more attention to fertilizer application, plant selection, and soil properties.  相似文献   

Experimental study of poromechanical behavior of saturated claystone under triaxial compression   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Da Wei Hu  Fan Zhang  Jian Fu Shao 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(2):207-214

This paper presents experimental results of drained and undrained triaxial compression tests of saturated Meuse–Haute/Marne claystone. The emphasis is to study the evolution of pore pressure with growth of microcracks and the effect of pore pressure on mechanical behavior. Basic mechanical responses are first investigated through drained triaxial compression tests, showing nonlinear stress strain relations, volumetric dilatancy and pressure sensitivity. In undrained triaxial compression tests, the pore pressure exhibits a transition from increase to decrease due to the transition from volumetric compressibility to dilatancy caused by the growth of microcracks. The failure surfaces, determined by total stress and Terzaghi’s effective stress under undrained condition, are compared with the one under drained condition.  相似文献   

Experimental research on expansion characteristics of Mengzi expansive soil with water,salt and acid immersion     

Zhiqing Li  Chuan Tang  Ruilin Hu  Yingxin Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):363-371

Swelling tests of Mengzi remolded expansive soil inundated with different types of wetting fluids (distilled water, saline water and acidic water) were carried out using advanced consolidometer. Swelling characteristics of expansive soil under different initial conditions were studied. The dose–response model was used to fit the rules of swelling time interval for expansive soil with water immersion. The quantitative relationships between the swelling deformation and initial conditions (initial water content, initial dry density and overburden pressure) were attained using 3D regression analyses. The differences in deformation rules of expansive soil with water immersion in each region are bigger for the differences of genetic types, mineral compositions, chemical characteristics of soils and sample preparation techniques and instrument error. The expansion deformation rules of soil immersed in salt and acid solution are the same as the rules of soaked soil. The important indices obtained can be provided to the engineering design, construction and stability evaluation of expansive soil slopes.  相似文献   

利用激光点云数据进行露天矿采剥工程量的计算方法     

梁波  梁晓鹏  王健  曲相屹 《北京测绘》2022,36(1):50-54

露天矿测量验收主要采用全站仪等单点式测量的方式,存在采样密度低、测量周期较长等不足。针对以上问题,采用三维激光扫描技术在露天矿中获取点云数据,并通过布料模拟算法和三角网计算体积算法,计算得到采剥工程量。经实验验证,与传统三角网体积计算法得到的采剥工程量相比,精度提高了23倍。  相似文献   

南方鲇的饥饿代谢研究   总被引：43，自引：2，他引：41  

张波  谢小军 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(5):480-484

于１９９６年１月９日－６月１２日,在西南师范大学鱼类能量学实验室,对南鲇幼鱼（６１．７－９２．３ｇ）进行了２７．５℃条件下的饥饿耐受性实验,并采用连续流水式呼吸仪测定了实验鱼在此期间的静止代谢率。结果表明,饥饿至１５６ｄ时,５０％的实验鱼死亡。饥饿鱼代谢水平的变化可分为４个阶段：（１）饥饿１－２０ｄ,代谢率再饥饿时间延长而呈直线下降;（２０饥饿２１－８１ｄ,处于相对稳定状态;（３）饥饿８１－９１ｄ  相似文献   

人海河流河口及其近海水域盐度分析方法浅析     

王真祥  胡国栋 《海洋技术学报》2000,19(4):54-57

在水质监测及水环境调查中,盐度分析工作是一个重要环节,根据现行的<水质分析国家标准>,<海洋调查规范>,地表水及生活用水的盐度分析一般采用前者,而海洋水样则采用后者.对于长江口及其近海水域既有适用<水质分析国家标准>(TB11896-89)的区段,又有适用<海洋调查规范>的区域,亦有两者都不适用的部分.本文通过对长江口盐度分析方法的研究.阐述了该区域进行水样盐度分析的各种方法的适用范围及提高效率保证成果质量的办法.最后作者提出的人海河流河口及其近海水域盐度分析的方法是:按取样地点位于河口的具体位置来选择其分析方法.  相似文献   

完全非线性孤立波的直墙反射   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘桦 吴卫王本龙  杨永获 《海洋工程》2000,18(1):1-6

报道了应用边界积分方法模拟完全非线性孤立波的传播与直墙反射,给出了波形演变过程。结果表明,本模型对计算孤立波的传播与直墙反射是有效的。三阶Boussinesq方程的孤立波解比低阶方程的孤立波解更接近完全非线性的数值解.当来波波高增大时,孤立波直墙反射的相位滞后变小。若考虑大波高孤立波的直墙反射或波——波相互作用,一阶理论预报的相位滞后往往低估实际情况。  相似文献   

平原农区土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同机制     

孙婧雯  刘彦随  戈大专  陆玉麒  牛博 《地理学报》2022,77(8):1971-1986

平原农区是保障国家粮食安全的核心区,土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同有利于缓解平原农区经济发展、耕地保护、生态保育等多重压力,保障乡村振兴政策落实。本文以“问题研判—策略梳理—机制构建—实证检验”为研究主线,探讨两者协同机制。研究表明：① 平原农区“三生”空间利用冲突显著,生产空间低值低效、生活空间无序空废、生态空间污损衰退共同制约乡村转型发展;② 面向土地价值提升、人居环境改善、产业融合发展的土地综合整治优化策略,有利于推动乡村转型发展;③ 新时期,土地综合整治由“以地为本”单要素调控转向“人、地、业、权”多要素协同综合整治,权利重组、空间重构、产业重塑是推动土地综合整治与乡村转型发展协同的核心机制;④ 平原农区典型地区禹城市,聚焦土地权属调整、空心村整治和现代产业培育,实现土地综合整治与乡村转型发展的协同推进。本文有利于深化平原农区人地系统科学新认知,为构建现代化国土空间治理体系和全面推进乡村振兴提供实践参考。  相似文献   

日常和旅游两种情景的自然接触对儿童亲环境行为意愿的影响差异——兼论自然联结的中介效应     

彭红松  韩娅  虞虎  章锦河  钟士恩  候梦娇 《地理研究》2022,41(2):358-372

儿童是保护环境的积极行动者,激发其亲环境行为意愿是应对环境问题挑战的现实需求。然而,已有研究却很少关注儿童的亲环境行为意愿及其驱动机制。文章采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的混合研究方法,以南京市小学儿童为样本,旨在通过分析儿童自然经验图式的特点,探究日常和旅游两种情景的自然接触对儿童亲环境行为意愿的影响差异,并检验自然联结在其中扮演的中介角色。结果发现：① 与日常自然接触相比,旅游自然接触更能激发儿童的亲环境行为意愿;② 自然接触促进自然联结主要体现在情感维度,其次是认知维度,而自然联结促进亲环境行为意愿以认知路径为主,情感路径为辅;③ 情感型和认知型自然联结在自然接触与亲环境行为意愿间扮演双重中介角色,且认知型自然联结的中介效应高于情感型自然联结的中介效应。研究结果对科学制定面向儿童的自然空间规划和环境教育策略具有参考价值。  相似文献   

从对立到融合：日本的都农关系及都市农业演变研究     

金玉实  马波  赵玉宗 《地理研究》2022,41(8):2234-2250

把空间概念“都”与产业类别“农”融于一体的“都农关系”,是日本近70年来社会经济发展的重要议题之一。基于对中国城市化发展进入都市化高级阶段,以及乡村振兴亟需多类型化实施的认识背景,对日本都农关系的演变进行历史梳理,划分出都农分离、都农共生和都农融合3个阶段,并从社会经济宏观背景变化的视角说明阶段递进的原因。同时把都市农业视为都农关系的表征,分析其在农户结构、种植结构和功能结构上的系列响应。在此基础上,援引制度学派的基本原理,探索日本都农关系从对立走向融合的制度变迁机理。本文认为,都农融合是不可逆转的潮流,因此有必要把“都农关系”转化为中国的政策性概念,强化从都市区视角处理城乡融合创新发展问题。建设具有中国特色的都农融合和都市农业发展体系,需要一系列的制度创新,也亟需学术界主动的理论探索。  相似文献